For a car winter - the most difficult period of time. Even if the car without any problems ran all summer and at first glance technically entirely correctly, in the cold season could go haywire.
The fact is that when the window minus, change, first, road conditions, and secondly, the conditions of the basic units and components: engine, gearbox, rubber products, and process liquids.
For example, riding with water instead of liquid-nezamerzayki incapacitates the glass cleaning system, and the remaining oil in the summer of winter will cause the car just will not start in the bitter cold. The use of "minus" summer tires can cause a serious accident.
Suffers electrician: because of high humidity problems begin with contacts in the ignition system. Adds problems and poor quality fuel: bad diesel freezing and diluted gasoline additives do not always want to ignite. But these problems pale in comparison with the failure of the braking system (in case of no time replaced brake fluid).
Only one conclusion: the car to the changing weather conditions have to be prepared in advance, and must be especially careful if it is not new, but has run for domestic roads 3 or more years.
Secrets of winter start
A typical winter pattern - in the evening the car worked fine, but in the morning in response to turning the ignition key the engine does not respond to almost nothing. To avoid problems, you need to make prevention.
Battery. The most popular cause of the problems with the morning launch is a failure of the battery (the battery). The fact that the life of this unit - 3-4 years, after which the battery loses its properties.
In the summer load on the battery was low and the car light plant, the winter for a trip from the generator receives less energy than required to supply multiple consumers (lights, music, heated seats and glasses), and the lack compensated by the battery . As a result, the old battery can not withstand the load, and when you try to start going full discharge.
The old maintenance-free battery is best to replace - the cost of a new battery ranges from 500-1000 USD. a model of Russian-Ukrainian, Turkish or Chinese origin, up to 2-3 thousand for battery production the EU or Japan.
Experience tells us that the best choice of cost-effective options are the Ukrainian-Russian models, but from China, or Turkey should be abandoned - the quality often leaves much to be desired.
If the battery is maintained, then it makes sense to stop by and ask the SRT hydrometer to check specific gravity - you can simply top up with distilled water.
But even if the battery is almost new (a year or two), it is desirable to remove all the terminals, clean them and smear - even a small amount of dirt can lead to elektropoteryam. In addition, the dirt lead to galvanic corrosion - this writer saw the terminals, which just came off the rust from the battery.
Wires and candles. The second problem is a popular failure - failure of high-voltage wires that are at high humidity give breakdown (electrical discharge does not come to a candle, and in the air). They need to carefully examine, and if there is damage to the insulation to make an immediate replacement, and clean contacts.
Cost of a package of 4 high-quality leads - from 150 UAH. (Cheaper is better not to fly). If your car is carbureted, it is desirable to also test the integrity of the cover timer, because even getting back a small amount of moisture will lead to a denial of all systems.
Particular attention should be paid to spark plugs, which must be in perfect condition. Loosen each spark plug in turn and, in the presence of fouling, replace it. One candle is from 20 to 150 hryvnia (depending on the vehicle and manufacturer.)
Fuel System. All the above actions can negate the presence of water in the tank. The fact that the partial filling of the temperature difference on its walls is delayed water condensate, and water even in small quantities in winter can lead to a denial of the fuel pump.
This problem is particularly acute for owners of diesel vehicles, where the water gets out of order unit injectors, repair which can pull and 200, and 500 dollars.
To get rid of water is possible by means of additives to prevent delamination of fuel oil and water (50-60 USD).. But after adding them to a mandatory basis to replace the fuel fine filter, which after contact with water becomes clogged and does not perform its function. And the diesel engine it is desirable to install an additional filter-separator (450 grn.) Removes more water between tank and engine.
Winter avtoobuvka: Tires, spikes and chains
mandatory procedures for each car owner - change summer tires for winter. According to technical director of the tire company TiDiSi Victor Shulyak, it should be done now. The fact is that when air temperatures below +10 ° C summer tire tread rubber starts to lose its elasticity. And, the temperature is lower, the more "dubeet" tires.
Even at +7 ° C summer tire loses its ability to fully pressed in road surface roughness, respectively, supporting the tire surface in contact only with the top layer of the relief road and the wheel slip during braking, instead of stopping the car.
The composition as the tread rubber compound of winter tires included special chemical compounds and silica - rubber becomes softer and retains its properties at low temperatures.
Two or four. Many motorists when replacing the tire trying to do a half-measure - to put only two winter wheels on the drive axle. But according to the director of the Centre of driving skill, "Korda-pros", this opinion is erroneous: "In extreme situations, and sharp maneuvers with tires for different seasons is very easy to lose control."
The result of the error may be drifting back or demolition of the front axle. And the rear-wheel drive vehicles with mounted at the front wheels of the summer there are problems with braking. That is, winter tires should be installed on all four wheels!
New or used. If money for new winter wheels no, you can try to save - not new to buy tires from Germany, which often sell for tire changing. The cost of one of the wheels - 200 hryvnia, which in 2-2,5 times lower than the new tires "budget" class. However, such a purchase can only be a temporary measure, because in most cases to the critical tread wear (5 mm) they have left quite a bit - 5-7 mm, which is enough for a maximum of 5-10 thousand paths.
Driving is on buses with lesser Gubin tread is, firstly, dangerous, secondly, the traffic police have the right to prohibit the operation of the vehicle by removing the license plates: a vehicle is considered to be technically defective, in that there is a penalty - 340 & mdash ; 425 UAH.
Expensive or cheap. For the latest models of tires from leading European and Japanese manufacturers today asking about 1000-2000 USD. for one wheel. For cost in the stores have an offer choice of budget models for which you are asked about 500-1000 USD. the wheel. These tires manufactured by companies that are part of or closely interacting with the bus-giants. A proposed budget for the cost models are often the same expensive tires, just developed 2-3 years ago. But even if such costs you can not afford to pay attention to the wheels at a price of 400-500 USD.: They have increased rigidity and lack of traction. However, it is better than summer or winter worn.
Studded tires. Spikes provide excellent traction wheels on the ice, but worsen it for conventional asphalt. Therefore, in Ukrainian conditions can not apply them all winter, but only during periods of heavy ice and snow - in reserve in the garage should be a regular winter tires. Cost - from 1500 to 2000 UAH. the wheel. However, it is possible and conventional studded tires - it is 300-400 UAH. the wheel tire changers in specialized centers.
Chains. I guess every driver got into trouble on a snowy, slippery roads or in other adverse conditions (such as the sodden dirt road). In such circumstances, the wheel stalled, slide, hammered by snow (dirt) - in short, can not cope with the road. Magic wand in this case will use snow chains.
They are two concentric rings connected by cross-links lugs. Usually installation procedure is very simple: they spread the chain on the road, gently bump on them, and then pull and fastens with special locks.
After overcoming the dangerous section of the chain must be removed, otherwise, firstly, from a long commute, they can go bad, and secondly, driving with chains on the usual way "kill" a running car. Cost chains - 400-1000 UAH. per set.
What to do with those extra tires
After pereobuvki many motorists question arises as to where to store a set of summer tires and winter, respectively, winter tires in summer. Especially urgent this problem is for those who do not have a garage - in a normal apartment on the balcony is not so much space. For this case, the vendor wheels offer a comprehensive service, which includes a tire, and keeping the wheels.
For Buyers tire centers offer a kit for only 100 UAH. immediately and replace the wheels and keeping them in stock throughout the winter. Can be arranged without purchasing a kit, but in this case, the tire asking 150 UAH. And for possession of a wheel - 20 UAH. per month (UAH 240. per season).
The alternative - to fold the wheel of a friend in the garage. However, note that the tires need to be stored correctly, or 3 months they can go bad. In order to preserve its properties of rubber in the first place, wash and dry rubber, and secondly, each wheel is packed in a plastic bag and put the wheels into the room with a temperature of not lower than -30 degrees. Tires put on the "edge" and turn once a month.
Winter fluids
washer. "The water in the reservoir with cold nastupeniem needs to be changed in the first place, otherwise it will freeze and, at best, clog pipes, and at worst - breaks the tank and disables the pump. When replacing the fluid, use a proven commodity, or approved by an authorized dealer - there is a risk to buy a fake, which has an unpleasant smell, causing headaches and even sickness.
In most cases, sell the concentrate, but the market in recent years and requires a ready-mix, because the road is often a problem to find water. Incidentally, the concentrate is best diluted with distilled water - such a mixture does not freeze, even if it is wrong to calculate the dose. Price of a good mixture - 10 UAH. per liter.
Coolant. Status of antifreeze should check required. If the expansion tank - murky red liquid manure or water, without fail it has to be drained and replaced with a new nezamerzayku, which is a mixture of technical ethylene glycol and distilled water from freezing down to -65 ° C. Please try not to skimp and take the road (from 30 UAH. Per liter) - there, in addition to ethylene, is introduced a package of anticorrosion, antifoam and lubricant additives.
Before changing the liquid cooling system flush spetsochistitelem, with ethyl alcohol, Calgon, or citric acid - a solution will remove the scale formed from the inside.
Brake fluid. It needs to be changed every two years, because as an old absorbs water which can freeze in winter. The result - the deterioration of braking properties. Replace the brake fluid is best at service stations, where the mechanics are not only remove the old and new floods drown liquid, but also well bleed the system. Price of the service and fluid - about 200 USD.
Oil. Replacing a multigrade oil such as 15W40 for seasonal like 5w30 will allow the engine to run without problems even at temperatures below 30 degrees. In addition, give up to 10% fuel savings. Price change - 200-600 UAH.
Useful stuff
Mats. At this time of year on shoes in the cabin, no matter how hard you try to avoid it, entered the mud and snow, puddles are formed. In such circumstances it is best to abandon fabric rugs and put waterproof, rubber. It is worth a set of four floor mats from 150 to 400 UAH.
Janitors. Oldest wipers are very important to replace - in winter it is a security issue, because the worn-out streak on the glass. Purchase a set of high-quality rubber will cost 150-400 USD.
Icing fluid. Purchase this accessory for 50-100 USD. be it is useful - often open the icy night lock key without chemistry is just impossible.
Brush with a scraper. Come in handy after a snowy night when a car has, in the literal sense of the word, excavate and remove the snow from the windows, hood and trunk. It is best to take the model with a long handle - 50 UAH.
Spray antizapotevatel. For 50-150 grn. You can buy a can of special liquids to be processed glass from the inside - when temperature drops, they hardly get misted with a positive effect on driving safety.
Covers. During the winter cloth upholstery of the seats very greasy, and spring cleaning is required not cheap Salon (400 UAH). - To cover their covers (indposhiv costs from 100 USD. Up to 500 UAH.) That serve a few years.
True, you can not use if you have a modern car with side airbags - blankets can interfere with their work in the event of an accident.
| The cost of preparing for winter * | |
| Elektorooborudovanie | |
| Diagnostics Electrical | 50-100 grn. |
| Replacing the battery ** | 500-100 UAH. |
| Replacing the spark plugs ** | 50-300 grn. |
| Wheels | |
| Winter tires ** | 6.2 UAH. |
| Mounting | 100-150 UAH. |
| Industrial fluids | |
| Headlight glass (to concentrate - 80, can 5 yrs.) | 100 USD. |
| Oil change ** | 200-500 UAH. |
| Accessories | |
| Janitors ** | 100-400 UAH. |
| Brush | 50 UAH. |
| Mouse | 150-400 UAH. |
| Icing fluid | 50-100 grn. |
| Antizapotevatel | 50-100 grn. |
| Total | 3350-9200 UAH. |
* - Approximate calculations for the car not new
** - As
